GIMP Version: 2.8.10
Operating System: Windows
GIMP Experience: Beginner Level

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I imported 8bit tiff photo into gimp at size of 12.75x18. 75 in at 250 res. Then "saved as" after cropping it to 7.75:10.75 aspect and setting size in image> "printer size" to 7.75x 10.75. and res became 406. Then in the printer dialog the preview shows it at 3x8 inches. There's a tab in printer dialog called "image settings " that shows it at 3x8 and it can't be changed. This tab makes no sense.

If the original size of the tiff photo is 12.75x18. 75 at 250 res, when you crop to 7.75x10.75 your resolution will still be 250. Check the Print Size resolution of the original tiff before cropping. Did you use Scale Image?
Also, when you increase the resolution in the Print Size dialog the image size on screen stays the same while the print size is reduced.

My goal is to print a 7.75x 10.75 photo in horizonal format. This seems to be a two step process: first crop to 7.75: 10.75 aspect (and it stays 250 res). then go to image> scale image and change width to10.75 and h to 7.75---which leaves the res at 250. ( if I change the dimensions in "print size" it increases the res).
So then I file> print and the the print preview shows it will print undersize and the "image settings" tab shows a print preview in vertical format and a print size of 6x8 with 306 res. it won't work

OK; a confession.

I stopped getting GIMP to print out my edits a long time ago. Complained many times about it (not sure if I did so here) as well. I usually get a surrogate program to print my output (mainly Irfanview).

Like lylejk I had very bad experiences with the print plugin in Gimp.
I bought a new Epson printer (XP-750) and couldn't make it print right.
So I d.led turboprint for linux and that solved my problem.
It is also available for Windows: http://zedonet.com/en_download.phtml
Good luck.
Gerard.

I solved it by exporting it as a Tiff, Then right click on the Tif file > print ,using Windows photo print application.