As a starting point use the
whitebalance script by Luca de Alfaro. Basically you use the color picker to set the foreground to the current color of anything in the image that should have been neutral gray (in your images, a gray square in the chart), and use the "Make foreground gray" function.
The script can be likely hacked to force the gray value to some specific RGB value to make sure that the exposure in the same but there seem to be a lot of variability in the exposure curve and you may have to use the two gray squares.
Asking on
pixls.us may point you to more powerful/specialized photo applications (*).
(*) this said, posting pictures of dead penguins in a forum where many people use Linux is a bit bold
