There are basically three types of filters that can affect a GIMP image: tools, plug-ins, and scripts. Tools can only be run interactively from either the Toolbox or the Menus -- it is not possible for a script or plug-in to run a tool interactively.
Plug-ins can be run interactively from other plug-ins or from scripts, though it is somewhat rare for this to happen (Difference Clouds is one script that does it).
Scripts can only be run interactively from plug-ins -- a script can NOT run another script interactively. (And I have never encountered a script being run interactively from a plug-in.)
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When I have a sequence of actions that I wish to run repeatedly but that require execution of interactive operations, I find it useful to assign keyboard shortcuts to each of the actions. For your example, I would assign the following keys:
- Invert
- Rotate
- Crop
- Levels
The sequence can then be easily executed by pressing the keys in order (and providing the intermediate interactive input as necessary).